Tables

knitr::read_chunk('tables.r')

Table 1: Current sample

dictionary1 <- read.csv(print("C:/Users/danny/Documents/git/Research_Methods/Book1.csv", check.names = FALSE, StringAsFactors = FALSE))
[1] "C:/Users/danny/Documents/git/Research_Methods/Book1.csv"
colnames(dictionary1) <- c("Species", "Time Period", "Specimens/Assemblages", "Number", "Continent")

knitr::kable(dictionary1, align = "c")
Species Time Period Specimens/Assemblages Number Continent NA
Total H. sapiens 193
Modern 20th/21st century JABSOM collection 54 North America
19th/20th century Certosa Cemetery 50 Europe
Classical to Middle Ages Merotic Period (350-BCE-350 CE), Ballana Period (350-550 CE, and Medieval Period (550-1400 CE) Semna South 88 Africa
Neolithic 8000-3000 BCE - -
Mesolithic 12-10 kya - -
Upper Paleolithic 50-12 kya - -
Middle Paleolithic 150-120 ka Singa 1 Africa
Total non-H. sapiens sample 5
260-200 ka Jinniushan 1 Asia
~260 ka Florisbad 1 Africa
300-200 ka Eliye Springs 1
Lower Paleolithic ~600 ka Bodo 1 Africa
750-680 ka Zhoukoudian 1 Asia

Table 2: Landmarks

dictionary2 <- read.csv(print("C:/Users/danny/Documents/git/Research_Methods/landmarks.csv"))
[1] "C:/Users/danny/Documents/git/Research_Methods/landmarks.csv"
colnames(dictionary2) <- c("Landmark", "Abbreviation", "Definition and Measurement")

knitr::kable(dictionary2, align = "c")
Landmark Abbreviation Definition and Measurement
Alare alael; alarr The most lateral points on the nasal aperture
Asterion astl; astr The sutural meeting point where the temporal, parietal, and occipital bones meet; if the meeting point includes a wormian bone, the lambdoid suture was extended followed by the temporo-parietal and temporo- occipital sutures
Basion bas The meeting point of the midsagittal plane and the anterior border of the foramen magnum; located on the anterior-inferior portion of the rim
Bregma brg The sutural meeting point of the coronal and sagittal sutures
Dacryon dacl; dacr The meeting point of the lacrimal, frontal, and maxilla bones in the orbit at the apex of the lacrimal fossa
Ectoconchion ectl; ectr The intersection point of the anterior surface of the lateral orbital border and a line bisecting the long axis of the orbit
Ectomolare ecml; ecmr The most lateral point on the buccal alveolar margin, at the center of the second molar position
Eurion eurl; eurr The lateral-most point (left and right) of the cranial vault comprising the greatest cranial breadth, located on the parietals or temporal bones superior to the zygomatic arch and external auditory meatus
Foramen magnum breadth points fobl; fobr The lateral-most point (left and right sides) of the foramen magnum rim
Frontomalare anterior fmal; fmar The anterior-most point of the fronto-malar suture
Frontomalare temporale fmtl; fmtr The lateral-most point of the fronto-malar suture
Frontotemporale wfbl; wfbr The anteriomedial-most point of the temporal line
Glabella glb The anterior-most point of the midsagittal plane on the frontal bone above the frontonasal suture
Jugale jugl; jugr The point of the deepest curvature on the zygomatic bone between the temporal and frontal processes
Lambda lam The meeting point of the sagittal and labmdoid sutures, when a wormian bone is present, extend the sagittal and lambdoid sutures into the wormian and where the lines meet is the location of lambda
Lower orbital border obhi The intersection point of the lower orbital rim and a line that bisects the orbit and is perpendicular to the long axis of the orbit, this point is an inside measurement and is taken at the superior apex of the lower orbital rim
Upper orbital border obhs The intersection point of the upper orbital rim and a line that bisects the orbit and is perpendicular to the long axis of the orbit, this point is an inside measurement and is taken at the inferior apex of the upper orbital rim
Mastoidale mastl; mastr The most inferolateral point of the mastoid process
Maximum frontal point xfbl; xfbr The point of the coronal suture where the frontal bone is at its maximum width, not on the temporal lines
Most inferior nasal border nlhil; nlhir The inferior-most point on the lower rim of the nasal aperture on either side, at the beginning of the nasal floor
Nasion nas The meeting point of the fronto-nasal suture and the midsagittal plane
Opisthocranion opg The posterior-most point of the cranium on the occipital bone, farthest from glabella, the location should not be on the inion hook unless it is on a well-developed crest
Opisthion ops The meeting point of the midsagittal plane and the posterior border of the foramen magnum; located on the inferior portion of the rim
Porion porl; porr The superior-most point on the margin of the external auditory meatus
Prosthion prosH The anterior-most point on the midsagittal plane on the alveolar border, between the central incisors
Stephanion stpl; stpr The meeting point of the coronal suture and the inferior temporal line (the superior limit of the temporal muscle)
Subspinale ssp The deepest incurvature point below the anterior nasal spine when viewed in profile
Zygion zygl; zygr The lateral-most point on the zygomatic arch
Zygomaxilare zygoml; zygomr The inferior, anterior point of the zygomaxillary suture and the inferior orbital rim, taken midway between the facial and orbital floor surfaces
Zygoorbitale zygool; zygoor The meeting point of the zygomaxillary suture and the inferior orbital rim, taken midway between the facial and orbital floor surfaces
Zygotemporale inferior zytil; zytir The inferior-most point on the zygo-temporal suture
Zygotemporale superior zytsl; zytsr The superior-most point on the zygo-temporal suture

Table 3: Chibanian and Late Pleistocene (CLP) assemblage (pending access)

dictionary3 <- read.csv(print("C:/Users/danny/Documents/git/Research_Methods/clp.csv"))
[1] "C:/Users/danny/Documents/git/Research_Methods/clp.csv"
colnames(dictionary1) <- c("Species", "Specimen", "NMNH", "Field", "Age", "Dating Method")

knitr::kable(dictionary3, align = "c")
Species Specimen NMNH Field Age X.Dating.Method.
H. heidelbergensis s.l Kabwe - 1 274-224 Ka U-Series
Arago 1 - 455 Ka Gamma Spectrometry/U-Series
Bodo 1 - 600 Ka 40Ar/39Ar
Ceprano 1 - >700kya, 450 ka, 353 Ka NA, magnetostratigraphy & K/Ar, 40Ar/39Ar
Eliye Springs 1 - IND
Florisbad 1 - 224-294 Ka ESR/OSL
Petralona 1 - 300-250 Ka U-Series
Steinheim 1 - 350, OIS 9 (337-300)
Swanscombe - 1 350-250 Ka
Chinese Chibanian - -
Maba 1 - 237-129 Ka U-Series
Jinniushan - - 260-200 Ka U-Series, Biostratigraphy
H. neanderthalensis - -
Amud 1 - 70-50 Ka Thermoluminescence
Galilee (Manot?) - 1
Gibraltar 1 - 1 >70 Ka
La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 1 60-42 Ka ESR
La Ferrassie 1 1 45-44 Ka OSL and C14
La Quina 5 1 1 63-55 Ka Luminescence and Biostratigraphy
Saccopastore 1 1 - 130-100 Ka
Saint-Cesaire 1 - 42-41 Ka AMS C14
Shanidar 1 1 - 46-50 Ka C14
Spy - 1
Spy - 1
Tabun 1 1 - 106-138 Ka ESR
Bilzingsleben - - 350 Ka U-Series
Sima de los Huesos - - 600-530 Ka U-Series
Ehringsdorf - - OIS 7 (245-186 Ka) Biostratigraphy
Total 16 9